ONSET LAKTASI TERLAMBAT SERING TERJADI PADA PRIMIPARA
Abstract
Background: WHO and UNICEF recommend giving breast milk (ASI) exclusively for 6 months. In 2009, in Indonesia, the coverage of infants who were exclusively breastfed for 6 months was only 34.3%. In Yogyakarta Province, according to the Provincial Health Office of Yogyakarta, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in 2010 amounted to 40.57%, whereas the MOH target of achieving exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was by 80%. There are several factors which hamper exclusive breastfeeding, one of which is the onset of lactation. Delayed onset of lactation can result in inhibition of milk expenditures. Results of research reveal more primiparous mothers delayed onset of lactation than multiparous. Stress during labor and after childbirth can increase levels of cortisol hormone. An increase in cortisol hormone causes decreased levels of oxytocin hormone, which results in the delay of onset of lactation.
Objective: To determine the effect of parity on lactation onset in postpartum mothers.
Methods: This was an observational study with a prospective cohort design. Research subjects in this study were postpartum mothers. Observations made on the respondents until 72 hours of postpartum period. Analysis of the data in this study used univariable and bivariable analysis. Statistical test used was chi-square with significance level of p <0.05.
Results: The results of analysis showed that delayed onset of lactation occurred in 19 postpartum mothers (44%) and 79% were primiparous. Statistical tests with chi-square obtained p-value of 0.00 with a contingency coefficient of 0.35 and Relative Risk of 5.4.
Conclusion: Primiparous mothers had a risk of delayed onset of lactation 5.4 times higher than multiparous mothers. Health workers are expected to conduct health education about breastfeeding in postpartum mothers particularly those at risk of delayed onset of lactation (primiparous mothers)
Keywords: Onset of lactation, parity, postpartum.
References
Dinas Kesehatan provinsi DIY. (2011). Profil Kesehatan DIY Tahun 2010. Yogyakarta: Dinkes provinsi DIY.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2002). The Optimal Duration of Exclu- sive Breastfeeding : A Systematic Revi- ew. Geneva : WHO
Chapman, D.J. and Escamilla, R. (2000). Maternal Perception of the Onset of Lactation Is a Valid, Public Health Indicator of Lactogenesis Stage II. The Jurnal of Nutrition, 130, 2972–2980.
Dewey, K.G. (2001). Maternal and Fetal Stress Are Associated with Impaired Lactogenesis in Humans. The Jurnal Of Nutrition, 131, 3012–3015.
Hruschka, D.J., Sellen, D.W., Stein, A.D and Martorell, R. (2003). Delayed Onset of Lactation and Risk of Ending Full Breast-Feeding Earlyin Rural Guatemala. The Jurnal of Nutrition. 133, 2592-2599
Edmond, K., Zandoh, C., Quigleyc , M.A., Amenga-Etego, S., Owusu-Agyei, S., Kirkwood, B.R. (2006). Delayed Breast- feeding Initiation Increases Risk of Neonatal Mortality. Pediatric, 117, e380- e386.
Roesli, U. (2002). Mengenal ASI Eks- klusif. Jakarta: Pustaka Pembangunan Swadaya Nusantara.
Neifert, M.D. (2001). Prevention Of Breastfeeding Tragedies.Pediatr Clin North America.
Alex, M. & Gallant, D. (2008). Toward Understanding The Connections Bet-ween Infant Jaundice and Infant Feeding, J Pediatr Nurs, 23, 429-438.
Dewey, K.G., Nommsen-Rivers, L.A., Heinig, M..J., Cohen, R.J. (2003). Risk Factors for Suboptimal Infant Breast- feeding Behavior, Delayed Onset of Lactation, and Excess Neonatal Weight Loss. Pediatrics, 112, 607-619.
Grajeda, R. and Perez-Escamilla, R. (2002). Stress During Labor And Deli- very Is Associated With Delayed Onset Of Lactation Among Urban Guatemala. The Journal of Nutrition, 132, 3055– 3060.
Scott, J.A., Binns, C.W. dan Oddy, W.H. (2007). Predictors of Delayed Onset of Lactation. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 3, 186–193.
Notoatmodjo, S. (2010). Metodologi Pe- nelitian Kesehatan.Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Kristiyanasari, W. (2009). ASI, Menyusui & SADARI. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika.
Manuaba, I.B.G. (2001). Kapita Selekta Penalaksanaan Rutin Obstetric Gineko- logi Dan KB. Jakarata: EGC.
Chapman, D.J. and Escamilla,R. (1999). Identification of risk factors for delayed onset of lactation. American Dietetic Association. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 99, 450- 454.
Dewan, N., Wood, L., Maxwell, S., Cooper, C., Brabin, B. (2002). Breast- feeding knowledge and attitudes of tee- nage mothers in Liverpool. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 15, 33- 37.
Yanikkerem, E., Tuncer, R., Yilmaz, K., Aslan M., Karadeniz, G. (2009). Breast- Feeding Knowledge and Practices Among Mothers in Manisa, Turkey. Midwifery, 25, e19-e32.
Rivers, L.A., Chantry, C.J., Peerson, J.M., Cohen, R.J., and Dewey, K.G. (2010). Delayed Onset of Lactogenesis Among First-Time Mothers is Related to Maternal Obesity And Factors Associated with Ineffective Breast- feeding. Am J Clin Nutr, 92:574–584.
Syaifudin. (2006). Anatomi Fisiologi untuk Mahasiswa Keperawatan Edisi 3. Jakarta: EGC.
Ambarwati, R.E., dan Wulandari, D. (2009). Asuhan Kebidanan Nifas. Yogyakarta: Mitra Cendika Press.
Hubertin,S.P. (2004). Konsep Penerapan ASI Eksklusif: Buku Saku untuk Bidan. Jakarta: EGC.
Proverawati A dan Rahmawati E. (2010). Kapita Selekta ASI dan Menyusui. Jakarta: EGC.
Articles received and published by the Media Ilmu Kesehatan are by the publication, the copyright of the article is fully transferred to the Media Ilmu Kesehatan. All operational forms such as printing, publication, and distribution of hard file journals are carried out by the Media Ilmu Kesehatan. Articles that have finished the review process and have been declared accepted by the journal manager or editor will be asked to fill out a statement of submission of copyright by the journal secretary to the main author or correspondent author. The statement of transfer of copyright is signed with a seal and sent via email to journalmik2018@gmail.com and contacted the admin of the journal to be followed up on archiving. Journal managers and editors have the right to edit the manuscript according to the provisions of the writing rules in the Media Ilmu Kesehatan.
Articles that have been declared accepted either online through the author's account on the OJS website https://ejournal.unjaya.ac.id/index.php/mik or a letter of receipt of the article (LOA), as well as those that have been published on OJS are not allowed to be published in other journals, or proceedings. The number of authors with more than one and as the main author or designated as the correspondent writer must have coordinated with members of the research team. The order of the authors submitted in the article as the author of one, two, three and so on cannot be changed when the article is published unless an error occurs in the technical operation of the journal.
