The relationship between parental work and child growth and development
Abstract
Background: The parent's occupation factor is important because it can influence the quality of parenting, economic conditions, and family environment, all of which contribute to child development.
Objective: This study aims to identify and analyze the relationship between parental economic status, namely parental employment, and child growth and development.
Method: The research uses survey methods with a quantitative approach. Data was collected from respondents of mothers with children aged 0-5 years. Data analysis was carried out using the Chi-Square test to determine the significance of the relationship between parental employment and children's growth and development.
Results: The study's results show a significant relationship between fathers' work and child growth, where children of fathers who work as laborers have the most normal growth. Meanwhile, maternal employment has a significant relationship with child development, with the highest normal development in children of mothers who do not work. However, maternal employment did not show an important relationship with child growth.
Conclusion: This study concludes that the father's work has more influence on children's physical growth, while the mother's work has more influence on child development. These results show that parental employment characteristics have important implications for child development
References
Basnet S, Frongillo EA, Nguyen PH, Moore S, Arabi M. Maternal resources for care are associated with child growth and early childhood development in Bangladesh and Vietnam. Child Care Health Dev. 2022;48(1):120–8.
Rocco I, Bonati M, Corso B, Minicuci N. Quality of life improvement in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder reduces family’s strain: A structural equation model approach. Child Care Health Dev. 2021;47(5):667–74.
Kappelt J, Meigen C, Schild CE, Kiess W, Poulain T. Early child development and its determinants: Findings from a large cohort of healthy children growing up in a low-risk environment. Child Care Health Dev. 2024;50(1):1–10.
Boone DM, Stromberg S, Fritz A, Rodriguez JH, Gregus S, Faith MA. Relationships among Parenting Stress and Well-Being, COVID-19 Information Management, and Children’s COVID-19 Fear. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2022;43(9):E581–9.
Faigenbaum G, Sigman M, Casiraghi LP. Young Children Use Discovery and Creation Significantly More Than Adults for Deciding Ownership. Child Dev Res. 2018;2018(4).
Ramirez MAR, Ducay AJ. Determinants of normal nutrition among 0–59-month-old Filipino children living in low-income households. Nutr Health. 2021;27(4):423–34.
Simwanza NR, Kalungwe M, Karonga T, Mtambo CMM, Ekpenyong MS, Nyashanu M. Exploring the risk factors of child malnutrition in Sub-Sahara Africa: A scoping review. Nutr Health. 2023;29(1):61–9.
Chimalapati S, Lafrance AE, Chen L, Orth K. Vibrio parahaemolyticus: Basic Techniques for Growth, Genetic Manipulation, and Analysis of Virulence Factors. Curr Protoc Microbiol. 2020;59(1):1–26.
Zhao W, Wang X, Li L, Li J, Yin H, Zhao Y, et al. Evaluation of environmental factors affecting the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and the potential distribution of Rhododendron aureum Georgi under changing climate. Ecol Evol. 2021;11(18):12294–306.
Morawska A, Mitchell AE, Etel E, Kirby G, McGill J, Coman D, et al. Psychosocial functioning in children with phenylketonuria: Relationships between quality of life and parenting indicators. Child Care Health Dev. 2020;46(1):56–65.
Rosário R, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Padrão P, Lopes O, Moreira P. The relationship between height and fruit/vegetable intakes in adults: A nationwide cross-sectional study. Nutr Health. 2024;30(2):235–41.
Holmgren A. The Quadratic-Exponential-Pubertal-Stop model is valid for analysing human growth patterns and developing novel growth references. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr. 2022;111(2):225–35.
Yu B, Garcy AM. A longitudinal study of cognitive and educational outcomes of those born small for gestational age. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr. 2018;107(1):86–94.
Sapiets SJ, Hastings RP, Stanford C, Totsika V. Families’ Access to Early Intervention and Supports for Children With Developmental Disabilities. J Early Interv. 2023;45(2):103–21.
Hatcher M, Pourpourides PM. Does the impact of private education on growth differ at different levels of credit market development? Rev Dev Econ. 2023;27(1):291–322.
George P, Murray K, Christian H. Young children’s use of blue spaces and the impact on their health, development and environmental awareness: A qualitative study from parents’ perspectives. Heal Promot J Aust. 2024;35(1):45–56.
Alami S, von Rueden C, Seabright E, Kraft TS, Blackwell AD, Stieglitz J, et al. Mother’s social status is associated with child health in a horticulturalist population. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci. 2020;287(1922).
Grandjean P, Landrigan PJ. Neurobehavioural effects of developmental toxicity. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(3):330–8.
Rezaeizadeh G, Mansournia MA, Keshtkar A, Farahani Z, Zarepour F, Sharafkhah M, et al. Maternal education and its influence on child growth and nutritional status during the first two years of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. eClinicalMedicine [Internet]. 2024;71(April):102574. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102574
Shi Y, Hayba N, Allman-Farinelli M. International tertiary education students experienced difficulties in dietary transitions in Australia: A qualitative study. Heal Promot J Aust. 2024;35(1):165–75.
Crawford M. Ecological Systems Theory: Exploring the Development of the Theoretical Framework as Conceived by Bronfenbrenner. J Public Heal Issues Pract. 2020;4(2):2–7.
Cardona MA. Supporting Child and Student Social, Emotional, Behavioral, and Mental Health Needs. US Dep Educ [Internet]. 2021;1–99. Available from: https://www2.ed.gov/documents/students/supporting-child-student-social-emotional-behavioral-mental-health.pdf
Arlius A, Sudargo T, Subejo S. Hubungan Ketahanan Pangan Keluarga Dengan Status Gizi Balita (Studi Di Desa Palasari Dan Puskesmas Kecamatan Legok, Kabupaten Tangerang). J Ketahanan Nas. 2017;23(3):359.
Ady Dharma DS. Membaca Peran Teori Ekologi Bronfenbrenner dalam Menciptakan Lingkungan Inklusif di Sekolah. Spec Spec Incl Educ J. 2023;3(2):115–23.
Rahmadani RA, Wahyuni R, Arda D, Musrah AS, Sabriana R. Socioeconomic Factors with Nutritional Status of Toddlers. J Ilm Kesehat Sandi Husada. 2023;12(2):445–51.
Nainggolan AM, Daeli A. Analisis Teori Perkembangan Kognitif Jean Piaget dan Implikasinya bagi Pembelajaran. J Psychol “Humanlight.” 2021;2(1):31–47.
Cenceng. Perilaku Kelekatan Pada Anak Usia Dini (Perspektif John Bowlby). Lentera [Internet]. 2015;IXX(2):141–53. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bowlby.
Ismiatun AN, Suryono Y. Pengaruh Pengasuhan Ibu Yang Bekerja Terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di Kabupaten Purbalingga the Effect of Working Mothers Parenting Practice on the Social Development of Children Aged 5-6 Years in Purbalingga Regency. J Al-Abyadh. 2019;2(2):70.
LESILOLO HJ. Penerapan Teori Belajar Sosial Albert Bandura Dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar Di Sekolah. KENOSIS J Kaji Teol. 2019;4(2):186–202.
Hermawati NS, Sugito S. Peran Orang Tua dalam Menyediakan Home Literacy Environment (HLE) pada Anak Usia Dini. J Obs J Pendidik Anak Usia Dini. 2021;6(3):1367–81.
Gemellia PA, Wongkaren TS. Pengaruh Jam Kerja Orang Tua terhadap Kognitif Anak di Indonesia. J Ekon dan Pembang Indones. 2021;21(1):14–30.
Copyright (c) 2024 MEDIA ILMU KESEHATAN
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Articles received and published by the Media Ilmu Kesehatan are by the publication, the copyright of the article is fully transferred to the Media Ilmu Kesehatan. All operational forms such as printing, publication, and distribution of hard file journals are carried out by the Media Ilmu Kesehatan. Articles that have finished the review process and have been declared accepted by the journal manager or editor will be asked to fill out a statement of submission of copyright by the journal secretary to the main author or correspondent author. The statement of transfer of copyright is signed with a seal and sent via email to journalmik2018@gmail.com and contacted the admin of the journal to be followed up on archiving. Journal managers and editors have the right to edit the manuscript according to the provisions of the writing rules in the Media Ilmu Kesehatan.
Articles that have been declared accepted either online through the author's account on the OJS website https://ejournal.unjaya.ac.id/index.php/mik or a letter of receipt of the article (LOA), as well as those that have been published on OJS are not allowed to be published in other journals, or proceedings. The number of authors with more than one and as the main author or designated as the correspondent writer must have coordinated with members of the research team. The order of the authors submitted in the article as the author of one, two, three and so on cannot be changed when the article is published unless an error occurs in the technical operation of the journal.
