A narrative review of the biomechanics of vacuum extraction forces: maintaining the integrity of the birth canal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30989/mik.v15i1.2023Keywords:
Biomechanic, compressive force, vacuum-assisted delivery, birth canal, maternal traumaAbstract
Background: Ideally, vacuum-assisted delivery should achieve a uniform distribution of compressive forces through controlled negative pressure to maintain tissue integrity. However, in practice, imprecise cup placement and maternal factors often lead to asymmetrical force concentrations, triggering birth canal trauma.
Objective: This study analyzes the characteristics of pressure distribution during vacuum extraction to identify the associated mechanical risks.
Methods: Data were collected via a literature review of labor mechanics and clinical protocols across various health journal databases.
Results: The results demonstrate that misalignment of traction with the pelvic axis causes localized pressure accumulation on soft tissues, contributing to an increased risk of high-grade perineal tears.
Conclusion: This study concludes that synchronizing the physical principles of traction with clinical precision is vital for maternal safety. These findings serve as a theoretical foundation for practitioners to optimize vacuum extraction techniques and reduce morbidity from birth canal injuries in clinical practice.
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