Identification of the ovulation phase in female adolescent through saliva-based ferning test
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30989/mik.v15i1.2020Keywords:
Adolescents, Ferning Test, Ovulation, SalivaAbstract
Background: Female Adolescence begins with the signs of puberty, one of which is menstruation. Adolescents often experience irregular menstrual cycles, making it difficult for them to identify the ovulation phase. More accurate ovulation detection in adolescents can help identify hormonal imbalances or reproductive issues.
Objective: To identify the ovulation phase in a more comfortable, affordable, and non-invasive manner does not compromise the privacy of adolescent.
Methods: Cross-sectional design with a quantitative approach and purposive sampling technique. Data processing and analyzed were descriptively to identify the characteristics of saliva-based ferning test in detecting the ovulation phase
Results: The results revealed that of a total 24 respondents, 17 female students (70.8%) showed a ferning pattern, while 7 female students (29.2%) did not a ferning pattern. A total of 15 out of 22 female student (68.2%) showed a ferning pattern, while 7 female students (31.8%) showed not ferning pattern.
Conclusion: Saliva-based ferning test provides a practical, non-invasive, affordable, and privacy method for detecting the ovulation phase for female adolescents.
References
1. World Health Organization. Transforming adolescent health: WHO's comprehensive report on global progress and gaps. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024.
2. Badan Pusat Statistik. Statistik pemuda Indonesia 2020. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik; 2020.
3. Andriani Y, Sari DK, Wulandari RD. Tingkat stres dan kualitas tidur yang mempengaruhi siklus menstruasi pada remaja putri. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa. 2021;9(2):123–30.
4. Hikma N, Wulandari RD. Hubungan karakteristik siklus menstruasi dengan dismenore dan kehidupan sehari-hari pada remaja putri. Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal. 2020;4(3):242–50.
5. Sholihah AR. Faktor penyebab kehamilan remaja: systematic review. Journal of Maternity Care and Reproductive Health. 2020;4(1):89–97.
6. Saneba HS, Suryandari DA, Wibowo A. Hubungan antara stres dan pola menstruasi pada remaja perempuan sekolah menengah atas negeri di kota Yogyakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi. 2021;8(2):74–83.
7. Putri ZM. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketidakteraturan siklus menstruasi pada remaja: literature review [Thesis]. Padang: Universitas Andalas; 2021.
8. Islamy A, Farida F. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi siklus menstruasi pada remaja putri tingkat III. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa. 2019;7(1):13–18.
9. Rani M. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketidakteraturan siklus menstruasi pada remaja putri [Skripsi]. Padang: Universitas Andalas; 2020.
10. Peebles E, Finlay W, Nguyen TM, Barrett S, Thirumalaraju P, Kanakasabapathy MK, et al. Digitally enabled AI-interpreted salivary ferning–based ovulation prediction: feasibility study. J Med Internet Res. 2025;27:e73028. doi:10.2196/73028
11. Carlson LJ, Shaw ND. Development of ovulatory menstrual cycles in adolescent girls. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2020 Jun;32(3):249–253. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2019.02.119. PMID: 30772499; PMCID: PMC6570576.
12. Das R, Belgaumi UI, Vibhute N, Kadashetti V, Kamate W. Evaluation of salivary ferning for predicting ovulation in menstruating women with a normal cycle: an easy, cost-effective and noninvasive approach. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae. 2023;15(3):316–320. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10006-2248
13. Vahanwala S, Miranda C, Rode S. Study of salivary matrix to estimate ovulation. Indian J Contemp Dent. 2021;9(1):25–31.
14. Srivastava P, Singh R, Mishra R, Gupta P, Sinha A. Artificial intelligence-based smartphone system for ovulation detection using salivary ferning patterns. Reprod Biomed Online. 2025;50(2):245–53. doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2025.07.009.
15. Silva AP, Souza RM, Fernandes DJ, Lima JM. Ultrastructural and physico-chemical characterization of saliva during the menstrual cycle. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2017 May 30;18(5):402–7. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2065.
16. Deng J, Liu Y, He J, Guo J. Correlation analysis of BMI with ovulation effect and clinical pregnancy rate in PCOS patients. Am J Transl Res. 2024;16(8):3754–3763.
17. Zheng L, Yang L, Guo Z, Yao N, Zhang S, Pu P. Obesity and its impact on female reproductive health: unraveling the connections. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;14:1326546. doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1326546
18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). About Body Mass Index (BMI). Atlanta: CDC; 2025. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/bmi/about/index.html
19. Kolomiichenko TV, Kaminskiy AV, Kovalenko IL, Chayka O, Konoplyanko VV. Effectiveness of using ferning of the dried saliva crystallization to determine the fertile window in women with idiopathic infertility. Wiad Lek. 2025;78(7):1220–1230. doi:10.36740/WLek/205000
20. De Liyis BG, David G, Gunawan MFB. Body fat percentage and Body Mass Index in association with menstrual irregularities in young adults: a cross-sectional study. Majalah Obstetri & Ginekologi. 2024;32(2):80–88. doi:10.20473/mog.v32i22024.80-88
21. Gampar PR, Marisa F, Istiadi I. Perbandingan kinerja metode klasifikasi citra saliva ferning untuk deteksi masa subur berbasis machine learning. JATI (Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika). 2024;8(6):11786–11791. doi:10.36040/jati.v8i6.11649
22. Arslan RC, Blake K, Botzet LJ, Bürkner PC, DeBruine L, Fiers T, et al. Not within spitting distance: salivary immunoassays of estradiol have subpar validity for predicting cycle phase. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2023;149:105994. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105994
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 MEDIA ILMU KESEHATAN
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Articles received and published by the Media Ilmu Kesehatan are by the publication, the copyright of the article is fully transferred to the Media Ilmu Kesehatan. All operational forms such as printing, publication, and distribution of hard file journals are carried out by the Media Ilmu Kesehatan. Articles that have finished the review process and have been declared accepted by the journal manager or editor will be asked to fill out a statement of submission of copyright by the journal secretary to the main author or correspondent author. The statement of transfer of copyright is signed with a seal and sent via email to journalmik2018@gmail.com and contacted the admin of the journal to be followed up on archiving. Journal managers and editors have the right to edit the manuscript according to the provisions of the writing rules in the Media Ilmu Kesehatan.
Articles that have been declared accepted either online through the author's account on the OJS website https://ejournal.unjaya.ac.id/index.php/mik or a letter of receipt of the article (LOA), as well as those that have been published on OJS are not allowed to be published in other journals, or proceedings. The number of authors with more than one and as the main author or designated as the correspondent writer must have coordinated with members of the research team. The order of the authors submitted in the article as the author of one, two, three and so on cannot be changed when the article is published unless an error occurs in the technical operation of the journal.
